This is a kind of cabinet to which the panel is connected, visible to the left of the chess player. The counter-move is the best answer and has been selected electronically from the "memory". Red and yellow lights lit up on the control panel: Ramac is about to give the answer. By tapping on the keyboard, the operator transmitted the player's move to Ramac. The player and the operator took their seats in front of the control panel - a rectangular dashboard.
Nevertheless, he too suffered a defeat at the hands of Ramac. Even today, the chessboard holds no secrets for this outstanding player. He is known for his victories against the best players of his time and for his victories against the always fearsome Russians. Yesterday, to move rooks and bishops against Ramac, a man appeared, who for many years was Italian master and has won laurels not only in Italy.
And the fact that Ramac is such a good player surprises and annoys the loser, who perhaps for the first time feels the humiliation of defeat. The opponent was too weak for a player like Ramac.īut who is this Mr Ramac? It is the Ramac 305, an electronic computer that also plays chess. He tried to put his opponent on the right track. He wanted to be generous, or rather, he didn't want to be ruthless towards the weaker opponent and suggested some moves to him. Ramac won again, although he actually wanted to lose. "Beware of the rook," recommends the master, who wants to appear chivalrous. The challengers, however, are always beaten and if for some Mr Ramac has words of encouragement and even praise during the game, for others he does not spare with reproach and sometimes mocking words. These days, in Hall 21 of the "Fiera Campionaria" fair in Milan, many compete, kindly invited by Mr Ramac to play with rooks and bishops, kings and queens. Nothing can be done against Mr Ramac, chess player. The article about the early duel "Man vs Machine" appeared in the evening newspaper "Corriere di Informazione" (part of the Corriere della Sera group in Milan) on April 21st and 22nd 1960, more than 60 years ago.īelow is a translation of the article ( Calcolatore elletronico). Perhaps we can see Ramac as the "secret grandfather" of Deep Blue? It would be nice to know if experts of the history of "Artificial Intelligence and Chess" have information about the computer or its chess program. And as far as I know, IBM never published anything about the 305 RAMAC either. I have never heard of this 'electronic computer' as a 'chess player' before, and I have never heard anything about computers playing chess in the early 1960s. And it seems that Ramac was able to play chess very well! It was an electronic calculating machine, a computer that could also play chess. RAMAC stood for Random Access Method of Accounting and Control, as its development was motivated by the need for real-time accounting in business.īut beware! Ramac was not developed to play chess. The system was publicly announced on 14 September 1956, with test units already installed in the U.S. The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first commercial computer to use a moving-head hard disk drive (magnetic disk storage) as secondary storage.
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